PRODUCTIVE LABOUR PRACTICES

Thailand

I. ILO Convention Ratification

1. As a member State of the ILO, Thailand regards the application of basic human rights as essential element in the pursuit of national goals. In respect of the ILO Conventions, Thai Government has so far ratified thirteen Conventions. Of the eight ILO fundamental Conventions, four fundamental Conventions have been ratified namely No. 29 concerning Forced Labour, No. 105 concerning Abolition of Forced Labour, No. 100 concerning Equal Remuneration and No. 182 concerning the Worst Forms of Child Labour.

2. In the past 3 years we have made progress which are reflected in our ratification of two additional core Conventions, namely Convention No. 100 and 182 marking a big step forward for Thailand as the processes toward these ratifications involve a high degree of public participation.

3. As regards, the way forward for more ratifications of fundamental Conventions. The Government is now paving the way or in other words putting all the preconditions right to eventually ratify the Convention No. 138 on Minimum Age at the earliest opportunity.

II. Laws

1. As regards the laws that explicitly protect the rights described in the ILO Conventions, most of our existing national laws are considered consistent with ILO standards.

2. The year 1997 marked a milestone for the political life of Thailand as people from all walks of life joined hands to draft a new Constitution. Hence, the Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand of 1997 is a truly democratic and “people centered” Constitution for the first in Thailand’s history. The dignity of individuals as well as the protection and promotion of the fundamental rights of the people have been guaranteed. In fact, the fundamental principles which are enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights are reflected in the Constitution. Today, the Government witnesses various positive changes in the process of political reform in Thailand. People enthusiastically participate in social, economic and political activities carried out at all levels.

3. The Government has made the effort to ensure respect, promotion and realization of fundamental principle and rights at work which reflect in the amendment and enactment of many laws concerned to bring them into closer conformity with the Conventions. For example, the State Enterprise Labour Relations Act of 2000, the Labour Protection Act of 1998, the Prevention and Suppress of Prostitution Act of 1996, the National Education Act of 1999.

4. For the social protection, the Government has extended the coverage of Workmen’s Compensation Act of 1994 and the Social Security Act of 1990 to an employer with one employee covering nearly all employees in the private sector.

III. Institutional Capacity

The Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare (MOLSW) plays a crucial role in promoting labour standards. Anyway there are various government administrative bodies with enforcement responsibility for enforcing labour laws that exist at the national, regional and local level.

MOLSW was established in 1993. The Ministry is consisted of agencies as follows:

1. Office of the Secretary to the Minister

2. Office of the Permanent Secretary

3. Department of Employment

4. Department of Public Welfare

5. Department of Skill Development

6. Department of Labour Protection and Welfare

7. Office of Social Security

VISION OF THE MOLSW

As the result of the analyzing social and economic situation in Thailand, it was determined that the perspective of labour and social welfare composition in the next ten years should be as follows:

1. developing labour skills and upgrading worker knowledge and capacity

2. promoting employment and increased incomes.

3. laying foundations of social welfare and social security programs

4. given care and assistance to the poor and underprivileged people to be able to help themselves as far as possible.

LABOUR AND SOCIAL WELFARE POLICY

MINISTRY’S POLICY

1. Laying the foundation for the Ministry to be a people-oriented Ministry, a Ministry of the people for the people: This will be done by reorganizing the Ministry structure, specifying its roles and functions, developing its officials to have service-minded, and drawing the participation of organizations and concerned agencies, such as employers’ and workers’ organizations, non-governmental organizations, local and public agencies at all levels; through the participation method, such as, public hearing, brain storming and consultative meeting as a basis for decision making.

2. Speeding up a whole range of activities to promote employment, both domestic and overseas, and to increase workers’ income: This will be done by establishing an autonomous public organization. And also aims at solving workers’ major issues concerning with the overseas employment; encouraging legal operation of overseas employment services; reducing workers financial burden and providing soft loans with low interest rate.

3. Developing worker skills: This will be done through the upgrading of general and specific skills of workers to keep up with the fast global and regional changing of agricultural and industrial production process and service sector. These will bring to the increasing of competition and cooperation by recognizing the need for a solidarity of Thai labour movement.

4. Establishing a basis for welfare and social security: This will be done through the establishment of health service system, medical care and rehabilitation for employers, workers and underprivileged groups, especially for children, youth, women, older and disabled persons; through the expansion of social security services to cover those self-employed workers, children and elderly dependants as well as amending related laws, especially on social welfare, social security, labour protection, labour relations and state enterprise labour relations.

DUTIES & RESPONSIBILITIES

Office of the Secretary to the Minister

1. To receive complaints and coordinate with organization concerned.

2. To coordinate with the Secretary General of the cabinet to acknowledge the agenda of each cabinet meeting, and preparing data and information needed for the Minister to participate therein.

3. To coordinate with the Parliament’s Secretariat to check the agenda and items of interest to parliament members.

4. To accumulate, consider, and analyze data and information and give suggestion to the Minister.

5. To follow up the political movement and other important situations and report to the Minister.

6. To propose policies of the Ministry in accordance with the National Economic and Social Development Plan, governmental and ministerial policies, to formulate master plans for labour affairs and social welfare, to coordinate operational plans, to make recommendations on policies related to budgetary preparation and requests for annual allocation, to monitor and evaluate the implementation of other organizations within the Ministry.

7. To handle all matters related to laws and regulations and any lawsuits involving the Ministry.

8. To facilitate the inspectors-general in their work, and to receive grievances.

9. To coordinate with foreign assistance and cooperation in the fields of labour and social welfare.

10. To compile and analyze news, and to publicize the Ministry’s activities.

11. To operate the tripartite organizations, such as the Wage Committee, the State Enterprise Relations Committee, and the Labour Relations Committee, and other organizations, such as the Office of Arbitrator and the Office of the Secretary of the National Advisory Council for Labour Development.

12. To developing and train officials, administrators of labour organizations and other personnel related to labour affairs and social welfare, and to serve as a center to promote and coordinate labour and social welfare activities.

13. To promote protection measures and assist Thai workers in foreign countries, to promote overseas employment and to coordinate with various agencies to safeguard the rights and roles of the country in the fields of labour and social welfare.

Department of Employment

1. To control employment of alien labourers in order to preserve some occupations for Thai nationals.

2. To probe, control and supervise employment services in the country and abroad.

3. To deal with legal matters related to employment services stipulated in labour laws and other laws as well as any lawsuits involving the Department of Employment.

4. To deal with measures for providing employment services and the issue of licenses for giving employment services within the country.

5. To analyze labour market situation, tendency of employers’ demands for labourers as well as to serve as the registration center for available labourers.

6. To develop systems, formats, measures and methods for effectively rendering employment services, setting up occupational standards, industrial standards, formulating and coordinating operational plans to be carried out by the Department in accordance with policies and master plans to be carried out by the Department in accordance with policies and master plans of the Ministry, as well as accelerating and monitoring operations of all units under its jurisdiction.

7. To render councelling services and guidance as a form of occupational promotion for persons of working ages taking into consideration their aptitudes and inclination.

8. To deal with measures for providing employment services and issues of licenses for giving employment services abroad.

9. To carry out and coordinate provincial operation and programs for employment services.

10. To carry out other duties provided by laws as responsibilities of the Department of Employment Services or as assigned thereto by the Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare or the Cabinet

Department of Public Welfare

1. To provide remedial, rehabilitative, protective and development services for the needy people in order to enable them to become self-reliant and productive members conductive to social and economic development of the country.

2. To strengthen the security of families and society.

3. To remedy and prevent social problems which affect the welfare of the people as a whole.

4. To encourage and render support to the social welfare organizations operated by the private sector.

5. To coordinate with the governmental and non-governmental social welfare organizations.

Department of Skill Development

1. To study, analyze and develop the training curriculum, training aid equipments, to set up standard for training facilities as well as to develop training methodology and skill.

2. To study and develop suitable skill development method and guidelines for woman and child and undertake a coordinating function as a focal point for vocational training and information for women and child.

3. To set skill standards, control skill testing as well as to undertake skill testing activity.

4. To develop system, pattern, measures and methodology of skill development; to prepare and coordinate the Department’s plan in accordance with the Ministry’s policy and master plan; and to monitor and evaluate the performance of the Department.

5. To study, research and develop training systems for instructions in skill development both in the government and private sector, to keep them up with modern technology; to serve as a center for data and information on training personnel development and industrial technology development.

6. To organize pre-employment training and upgrading training for national labour force.

7. To undertake and coordinate in regional and provincial skill development.

8. To carry out other functions stipulated by law, entrusted by the Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare or the Cabinet.

Office of Social Security

1. To carry out the task in compliance with Workmen’s Compensation Fund, social security and concerned legislations.

2. To consider and determine compensation payment and benefits compensated to employees and insured persons.

3. To operate rehabilitation of disabled workers and insured persons to have capacity to work or to do an appropriate job.

4. To develop systems, forms, measures, and operation of Workmen’s Compensation Fund and Social security tasks.

Department of Labour Protection and Welfare

The enforcement of three labour laws – the Labour Protection Act of 1998, the Labour Relations Act of 1975 and the State Enterprise Labour Relations Act of 2000- is under the responsibility of the Department of Labour Protection and Welfare. The administrative body of the Department is divided into central administration and regional administration. The regional administration consists of 75 Provincial Offices of Labour Protection and Welfare. The central administration consists of one Institute, 9 Offices, 11 Divisions and 19 Metropolitan Offices.

The primary duties and responsibilities of the Department are

1. Labour Protection

The Department has to protect all employees in establishment, especially female employees and young workers, regarding the fair conditions of work, fair labour practice, occupational safety, health and environment and labour benefits as prescribed by labour laws.

2. Labour Relations Promotion

The Department has to create and promote the relations between employers and employees in establishment, as well as, employees in state enterprise and state enterprise management in order to prevent the labour conflict, labour dispute, strike or lock out. In addition, the Department has developed the labour relations system suitably to the national society and economy aimed at the peace of labour.

3. Encouragement of Labour Welfare Provision

The Department has encouraged the employers to provide labour welfare for the employees other than prescribed by labour laws aimed at the better living level of employees and the worthy relationship between employers and employees in establishment.

4. Technical Support and Development

The Department has taken various methods for getting the labour information and technique in order to set the labour action plan in conformity with the master plan and policy of the Ministry and to be a labour resource available for all officials and person interested.

5. General Administration

The Department has to administer organization for supporting the performance and achieving the proposes of duties and responsibilities.

For the utmost efficiency of labour law enforcement, the Metropolitan Offices of Labour Protection and Welfare take a responsibility to inspect and supervise the employers and employees in establishments located in Bangkok area to comply with the labour laws. Simultaneously, the Provincial Offices of Labour Protection and Welfare take the said responsibility in provincial area. Furthermore, the Minister of Labour and Social Welfare is authorized to appoint any other government official as the labour inspector.

OTHE KEY GOVERNMENT AGENCIES

Other key government agencies of national law enforcement are the Royal Thai Police, Office of the Attorney-General, Office of Judiciary, Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Education.

IV. Effectiveness of implementation

1. The legal reform has demonstrated in the adoption of new laws while some are in the process of revision or revocation.

2. The newly enacted laws concerned are:

a. Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand of 1997 provides for greater rights to the people. It guarantees the basic human rights in all aspects;

b. - Labour Protection Act of 1998 prescribes that an employer is not allowed to require an employee to perform work on overtime, holiday or any work other than the contract of employment without the consent of an employee prior which is in line with the ILO Convention No. 29 and 105. Any employer who violates or fails to comply with such provision of the Act must be penalized with imprisonment of not more than six months, or a fine not exceeding one hundred thousand baht, or both. For the propose of elimination of the worst forms of child labour in according to ILO Convention No. 182, the Act prescribes that an employer must not employ a child under fifteen year of age. Also, an employer must not require a young worker under eighteen years of age to perform any work which may be harmful to his or her health or any work in a place which may be harmful to his or her morals. Any employer who violates the provision of the Act regarding minimum age must be penalized with imprisonment of not more than one year, or a fine not exceeding two hundred thousand baht, or both. Any employer who violates or fails to comply with the provisions of the Act regarding prohibited work or place of work must be penalized with imprisonment of not more than six months, or a fine not exceeding one hundred thousand baht, or both

- Prevention and Suppress of Prostitution Act of 1996 aims to prohibit sexual exploitation of children aged below 18 years, regardless of “consent” in sexual intercourse by seeking to decrease penalties to prostitutes and regards them as victims who need help rather than offenders. In contrast, the Act increases harsher punishment for customers, procurers, owners by increasing the jail term to them. Parents and guardians are also subject to harsh penalties or the revocation of their custody right. Men who solicit sexual service from prostitutes will be also subject to penalties. (Conventions Nos. 29, 138 and 182)

- The Measures in Prevention and Suppression of Trafficking in Women and Children Act of 1997 aims at reinforcing the operation of officials in assisting victims trafficked in commercial sexual exploitation and extending protection coverage to boys and girls under 18 years old, including rehabilitation programme provided for victims. (Conventions Nos. 138 and 182)

- National Education Act of 1999 prescribes the duration of compulsory education for 9 years, as a result, children are at school until the age of 15 years. The law is also moving towards the extension of basic education opportunity in the schooling system to 12 years. (Conventions Nos. 29, 138 and 182)

- State Enterprise Labour Relations Act of 2000. The Act is to enable state enterprise employees to form a labour union and to ensure freedom of association and to promote collective bargaining; (Conventions Nos. 87, 98 and 105)

3. Some laws are repealed:

- Political Parties Act of 1981, has been repealed due to the enactment of the Organic Law on Political Parties of 1998. This results, at the same time, in the revocation of certain sections of the Political Parties Act of 1981, which were subject to the use of forced labour in the sense of the Committee of Experts. (Convention No. 105)

- Anti - Communist Act of 1952 has been repealed since it was considered obsolete and inappropriate to national conditions since the national circumstances have considerable changed since its adoption. (Convention No. 105)

4. Laws under revision are the Labour Relations Act of 1975 is also under review for revision with a view to bringing it into closer consistency with international standards taken into account the national circumstances (Conventions Nos. 87, 98 and 105) ; and

5. As regard the implementation, various actions have been taken to give effect to the application of the ratified Conventions. Labour inspection has improved in quality. This is as a result of training in targeted inspection, where we have received ILO technical assistance.

6. For the promotion of compulsory education, various efforts have been made to materialize it. For instance, free education, free lunch and free textbooks are provided for poor children, especially in remote areas. The effectiveness of these measures is attested to by the fact that number of children attending school has increased in close proportion to the reduction in the number of those in employment.

7. We also have pursued several approaches to maximize the application of a new anti-prostitution law enacted since 1996. A campaign has been launched to publicize the substances of the new law and to make clear among the agencies concerned about how to apply the provisions. In this effort, seminars have been organized, leaflets and books have been published. Radio and television spots have been produced, etc. Government officials and representatives from private sectors have been appointed to inspect entertainment places and help those forced into prostitution nationwide. A task force has been set up to deal with the problem of sex trade. Many complaint centers have been set up in government agencies: Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare; the Royal Thai Police; and the Office of the Attorney General, to receive complaints about child labour and child prostitution.

8. In applying the provisions of ILO standards on occupational safety and health, the number of injury at work place has decreased. From the year 1996 the figure was 45: 1,000, it decreased to 33: 1,000 in the year 2000.

9. To fulfill the obligation under the Conventions, the Thai government has strongly encouraged and invited all part of civil society, including employers’ and employees’ organizations, academics and NGOs to actively take part in realizing it.

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March 2002

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

I. Absence of Trade Union in Public Sector

1. Public sector in context of Thai public sector administration must be referred to as Civil Service and State Enterprise* sectors whereas State Enterprise sector comprises of 59 enterprises with 310,000 employee (app.) and well equipped with the right to organize and collective bargaining right under the “State Enterprise Labour Relations Act of 2000”.

2. The personnel and financial administration of public servants is centralized by the Government. All public sectors apply the unified systems of personnel and financial administration under the supervision of the Office of Civil Service Commission and the Ministry of Finance. Similarly, the benefits and conditions of employment of all public sectors are governed by the same laws. Accordingly, the form of the public servant union must be designed in harmony with the existing administrative system, especially the conditions of employment of public servants. The benefits and conditions of employment of public servants are unable to change or adjust according to the demand or collective bargaining of isolated public sectors. The meticulous consideration on the structure of personnel and financial administration is required prior to the orgainzation of the public servant union will be permitted. Certainly, the Government is looking forward to reviewing and taking into consideration the feasibility to modify the related laws and regulations recognizing the fundamental rights of this sector. As can be seen, the prohibition of the public servant union is not embodied in the Government policy.

3. Even though the right to organize is not yet adopted for civil servants to form the union, but alternatively they have the lawfull right to form other type of their own organization cited as “Civil Service Association of Thailand”. The Civil Service Association of Thailand acts as the coordination center of civil servants, monitoring the policy of the government and social and economic movements, addressing their needs and problems as well as protecting the rights and benefits of civil servants in this sector.

II. Policy and Constitutional Problems in Ratifying ILO Conventions

The successive Thai Government has had continuous policy to protect and promote social justice in our country. Significantly, the present Government which has come to office in February 2001 has announced policy to improve the national laws and practices to be in line with international labour standard. The Government realizes on the importance of the ILO fundamental Conventions and uses the utmost effort to comply with the ILO fundamental Conventions whether ratifies it or not. The major obstacles in ratifying four ILO fundamental Conventions remaining are the contrast between some certain provisions of the national laws and the scope of the Conventions; and the absence of provisions of the national laws in application of the Conventions. The Conventions consist of details which are incompatible with related Thai laws. There exists controversy between certain provisions of ILO Conventions and our national laws and practices. Legislation is the reflection of not only national policies but also national circumstances, including the level of national development. The uniqueness of national notions and ways of life which is deeply rooted, is also taken into consideration. It must be noted that Thailand has a character of its own and generalizing it can only cause confusion. Differences in the level of economic development, social development as well as political systems, to mention but a few, must be taken in to account.

III. Prospect of Ratification of Unratified ILO Fundamental Conventions

To ratify more ILO Conventions, a Committee chaired by the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare (MOLSW) has been set up to examine the scope for ratification of more Conventions. In accordance with ILO guidelines fundamental Conventions will be given top priority. Convention No. 138 Minimum Age offers the best prospect for ratification in the near future. As a preparation step, in usual practice, the Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare and the ILO held a national seminar on the Convention to provide a forum for consultation among social partners. Then we are further consulting all the Ministries concerned for arriving at a final decision on ratification.

IV. Comment on Evaluation Methodology

The evaluation methodology concerning productive labour practice based on ILO Principles and Fundamental Rights at Work is agreeable. For the accurate scoring, the data should be collected directly from relevant agencies, both government and private sectors. In this context, the relevant agencies on duties and responsibilities taken to be the evaluation factors should be clearly informed in advanced and entitled to clarify their performance.

V. Labour laws Comparative with certain countries

Argentina

Rights of Worker

a. All Argentine workers, except military personnel, are free to form labour unions.

Labour unions have the right to strike, and the strikers are protected by law.

Argentine law prohibits anti-union practices.

b. The constitution prohibits forced labour

c. The law prohibits employment of children under 14 years of age, except in rare cases

where the Ministry of Education may authorize a child to work as part of a family

unit. Minors aged 14 to 18 may work in a limited number of job categories, but not

more than six hours a day or 35 hours a week.

d. The maximum hour of work per day is eight hours, and the working hour per week is

limited to 48 hours.

Republic of Korea

Rights of Worker

a. Workers are free to establish a trade union except for the case of public servants.

b. Employer shall not force a worker to work against his own free by other means which unjustly restrict mental or physical freedom.

c. A person under the age of 15 years shall not be employed as a worker. However, thisshall not apply to a person with an employment permit issued by the Minister of Labour.

d. Working hour per week shall not exceed forty-four hours excluding recess hours.

Working hour per day shall not exceed eight hours excluding recess hours.

e. An employer shall not discriminate against workers by sex, nationality, religion or social status.

 Taiwan

Rights of worker

1. Worker is protected in case of trade union establishment.
2. Employer shall not force a worker to work.
3. c. Minimum age for employment is over 15 years of age.
4. Regular working hour shall not exceed 8 hours per day or 84 hours per two weeks.

Thailand

Rights of worker

        a. The employees who work for same employer or in same description of work have the rights to establish the labour             union except for the case of public servant. Under State Enterprise Labour Relations act of 2000, the employees in             State Enterprise have rights to establish the labour union.

b. The constitution of Thailand prohibits forced labour

c. An employer shall not employ person under 15 years of age.

d.Regular working hour shall not more than 8 hours a day and 48 hours a week.

e. An employer shall treat male and female employees equally in employment unless the description or nature of work prevents such treatment.

VI. The observance of ratified Conventions

1. The Thai government has fulfilled our reporting obligations required as a Member State. The copies of the reports in accordance with article 23, paragraph 2, of ILO Constitution have been communicated to the most representative organizations of employers and workers for their comments and suggestions.

2. Regarding Conventions Nos. 29 and 105 concerning Forced Labour, it is clear shown in the adoptions of many laws concerned which are accepted as conformity with ILO standards. For example: Labour Protection Act of 1998, Prevention and Suppress of Prostitution Act of 1996, National Education Act of 1999, etc.

3. The Government can fully apply certain ratified Conventions since our national laws and practices already conform with ILO standards. These are Conventions Nos. 14 concerning Weekly Rest, No. 19 concerning Equality of Treatment for National and Foreign Workers (Workmen’s Compensation for Accident), No. 88 Employment Service, No. 123 concerning Minimum Age (Underground in Mines), and No. 127 concerning Maximum Weight. And the result of the labour inspection has shown that there was no case of law violation and no complaint filed.

4. For Convention No. 122 concerning Employment Policy, 1964, the Government has endorses several measures to tackle unemployment resulted from the financial crisis.

5. As regards the application of Convention No. 100 concerning Equal Remuneration, the constitution and the Labour Protection Act of 1998 have guaranteed the spirit of the Convention. According to the result of labour inspection, no case of unequal remuneration has been found. And there is no complaint on such case neither.

6. In applying the Convention No. 182 concerning the Worst Forms of Child Labour, we have pursued many tangible activities.

a. To prevent the engagement of children at work the endorsement of the National Education Act of 1999 is regarded as the most important element to retain the children at school at least until the age of 15 targeting to extend the education system to 12 year in line with our Constitution.

b. In providing child care and child protection services to children in need, many concrete child protection programs are catered to children who are vagrants, delinquents, and victims of abuse and exploitation. To bring them back to social reintegration.

c. Importantly, special consideration is given to younger children, girls, and other groups at risk of sexual exploitation. Prostitution procurement of girls and boys under 18 years of age must be totally and strictly eliminated. The involvement of violence, luring, threats, and exploitation in commercial sex business operation is prohibited. All violators must be severely penalised.

d. In an attempt to tackle prostitution problem, and to protect the well - being of disadvantaged children and women, the Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare operate four major concrete measures, that is, proactive measure, corrective measure, legal measure and welfare protection measure.

e. To prevent cross-border child trafficking, the Office of National Secretariat on Trafficking in Women and Children in the Mekong Sub-region has been set up under the Department of Public Welfare of the Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare. We have coordinated with International organization for Migration (IOM) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in providing assistance on the repatriation of cross-border child trafficking victims and initiated the Mekong Sub-regional programme to combat against this issue.

f. With concerted effort and determination, the Government believes that the promotion of the application of the ratified Conventions would be attained and produce basically a real quality of life in the end.

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March 2002

ATTACHMENT

LIST OF DOCUMENTS

Attachment 1: Labour inspection in establishment

Attachment 2: Number of grievances received and examine by major issues

Attachment 3: Statistics on legal proceedings

Attachment 4: Conventions ratified by Thailand

Attachment 5: Number of countries ratifying ILO fundamental conventions

Attachment 6: Fundamental conventions and number of ratified countries

Attachment 7: Conventions ratified by some certain countries

Attachment 8: List of countries ratifying ILO fundamental Conventions No. 87 and 98

Attachment 1

LABOUR INSPECTION IN ESTABLISHMENT, 2000

33,617 inspected establishments

Attachment 2

NUMBER OF GRIEVANCES RECEIVED AND EXAMINE

BY MAJOR ISSUES, 2001

Attachment 3

STATISTICS ON LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Attachment 4

Conventions Ratified by Thailand (13 Conventions)

Ratification of Fundamental Conventions

Classified by Geographical Area

Attachment 5

Number of Countries ratifying ILO Fundamental Conventions

(Classified by number of conventions)

Ø Number of countries not ratifying any of the fundamental convention = 1 (KIRIBATI)

Ø Number of countries ratifying 1 of the fundamental conventions = 2

Ø Number of countries ratifying 2 of the fundamental conventions = 5

Ø Number of countries ratifying 3 of the fundamental conventions = 6

Ø Number of countries ratifying 4 of the fundamental conventions = 7

Ø Number of countries ratifying 5 of the fundamental conventions = 17

Ø Number of countries ratifying 6 of the fundamental conventions = 23

Ø Number of countries ratifying 7 of the fundamental conventions = 45

Ø Number of countries ratifying all of the fundamental conventions = 69

Attachment 6

Fundamental Conventions and Number of Ratified Countries

Attachment 7

Convention Ratified by Some Certain Countries

Attachment 8